Immigrant status and unmet health care needs.

OBJECTIVES To compare whether unmet health needs differ between immigrants and non-immigrants, and examine whether help-seeking characteristics account for any unmet needs disparities. METHODS The data are from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.1, conducted by Statistics Canada in 2000-2001. The study sample includes 16,046 immigrants and 102,173 non-immigrants aged 18 and older from across Canada. The study employs logistic regression models to examine whether help-seeking behaviours explain unmet needs differences. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis indicates that immigrants have a 12% (95% CI: 6-18) lower all-cause unmet needs risk (odds ratio) than non-immigrants after controlling for differences in help-seeking characteristics. The unmet needs risk among long-term immigrants (15 years of residence and more), however, is similar to non-immigrants after considering these characteristics. We found differences between immigrants and non-immigrants in reasons for unmet needs, with more immigrants believing that the care would be inadequate, not knowing where to access health care, and having foreign language problems. CONCLUSIONS The Canadian health care system delivers sufficient health care to immigrants, even though the poverty rate and proportion of visible minorities are comparatively higher within this subpopulation. Nonetheless, these results indicate that some immigrant-specific health care access barriers may exist.